the wilsons disease :: essays research papers

The Wilsons DiseaseThe Wilsons disease is a genetic disorder of the thirteenth chromosome. This disease is an inherited disease and it is mostly likely to be in all of the offspring if a parent had it. It is the unnecessary increase of copper in the liver and brain. This is cause by a defect in the transport of copper. Wilsons disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the copper transport resulting in the copper buildup. It is also known as Hepatolenticular Degeneration as the scientific name. This mutation prevents the body from eliminating the extra copper.The symptoms include quivering in the upper extremities, S disorderedness of movement and changes in somebodyality. They will be exceptionally argumentative and overly emotional. They will have a Decrease in mental capabilities and Speech disorders. Liver damage will be star of the first things to go wrong and needs mandatory attention. There will be Neurological disturbances like dementia and leading to deterioration o f your coordination. Corneal markings supervene along with a Rusty brown discoloration at the rims of the corneas. These are major problems that cant be gotten rid of easily. There are in truth few ways to get rid of the symptoms of Wilsons disease. It is necessary to get at least one liver transplant during their life. Most patients get chelation therapy to eradicate different amounts of copper. To remove copper penicillamine, zinc salts and/or trientine are used. Galzin is used to get rid of some physical symptoms of the Wilsons disease. It is necessary to take 50MG of Galzine terce times a day for it to work properly. Sometimes Zinc Acetate is given to block the absorption of extra copper. It is also necessary for a person with Wilsons disease to have a different diet. They often have a depletion of pyridoxine or B-6 and need supplements of 25MG daily. The food they eat should stay low in copper, at less than 0.1MG per portion. They could probably handle about 0.7MGs a day. Pe ople with Wilsons disease cant eat a list of foods like tofu, mushrooms, and raisins, any kind of beans, chocolate, soy milk, nuts, or mineral water.

Problems with Internet Cafes and Online Games in Taiwan :: Computers

Problems with net Cafes and Online Games in Taiwan Asian countries have never been unfamiliar with bid software. From the very beginning when Japanese companies developed mingled game councils, Asian countries, such as Hong Kong and Taiwan, became large markets for computer and video games. In addition to the spread of gaming system technology in Asia, countries corresponding Taiwan, China, and South Korea that have abundant labor resources have developed sufficient, but inexpensive computer components and software in recent decades. Online games have existed in Asia since more(prenominal) than a decade ago, but did not come to the mainstream of software development until early 1997. Online games became mainstream with the introduction of the Internet caf. Although some reports show that the appearance of Internet caf and online games seems to boost the development of computer software design in Taiwan and increase the revenue for several computer component companies, it bri ngs new social problems. There exists a management crisis of the cafs, and censorship or copyright problems with software. While the Taiwanese government is trying to eliminate the problems by putting more restraints on this modern business, it in any case has the dilemma not to violate peoples freedoms and rights. In this paper, I will first discuss Internet cafs in Taiwan and the famous (or infamous) online game known as Heaven. Then, I will present some ethical issues brought about by this new high-tech business and the opinions voiced regarding the pros and cons of the political regulations. Finally, I will also discuss my points of view concerning to this matter. In 1997, the South Korean government, in an attempt to stimulate the growth of its economy, encouraged the development of online gaming software. In order to accommodate gamers, the Internet caf, which originated in England, became one of the most profitable businesses in South Korea. According to Business Weekly , there were around quaternion thousand Internet cafs in South Korea in the year 1999, but the number has mushroomed to twenty thousand in the year 2000. Moreover, the estimated revenue for Internet cafs in South Korea by the year 2001 grew to $1.4 billion U.S. dollars. Due to the popularity of this modern business, the Taiwanese gaming industry decided to follow and develop online games. So far, there are around 8 million Internet users in Taiwan, and approximately 40% of them are gamers.

The moral cost of video games Essay -- Analysis, Matthew Devereux

With a huge projected screen replacing my perspective of the world around me, I jumped right into the immersive experience of playing one of the ab reveal realistic war games on the market Call of Duty Modern Warfare 2. Inside a fiery world of smoke, smog, and tall fling houses, adrenaline rushed through my brain and tensed my body with excitement as I followed a team of nine through a internal ear of doorways and alleys. I quickly lost track of them and I hid at the end of a small dead alley while I waited for something to move or make a sound. The sounds of action were in the distant but this bunker, which seemed like an ideal hiding place, caught my attention. When I was going to run towards the bunker, movement to my right do me jump and with a terribly aimed gibe, I fired the majority of a round from my machine gun at my tar belong until I eventually shot and killed it. Headshot huge words flashed for a second in the middle of the screen making me hungry for my next kill. A child having this same immersive experience would get used to destructing all these monsters, and will ruthlessly learn to put everyone else aside and focus on themselves winning (MC 10). Children would become selfish as they venture into a virtual world where accumulating grenades and throwing them into mobs of people actually builds up a higher score. There is no right or wrongonly success or failure (MC 13). Because of the obscene immorality of video games, there should be a fresh genre of video games with unquestionable moral aspects.In Matthew Devereuxs seek The moral cost of video games, he describes this horrible game called Manhunt 2 as a game where the player has to sneak up on guileless victims and use a garden spade to kill and deca... ...eract positively with other characters to accomplish a public goal can teach people determine such as teamwork and positive interaction with others. Having a concept in a game where players selflessly work together to achieve a com mon goal is a much better construction of a game than the point hoarding of kills.Throughout the gaming community, a genre should be created that casts out immorality and replaces it with an integrity that fulfills the players immersive experience. With the terrible immorality of video games as a blame for the Littleton Shootings, children are being restricted from their media and entertainment. Instead of having in the main immoral games, game developers should create new and immersive games with ethical values. A new generation of games with undeniable ethics, including but not glamorizing violence, should overshadow the gaming industry.

Fyodor Dostoevsky, A Tortured Genius Essay -- Biography biographies bi

Dostoevsky biography as related to his worksIt is often remarkable to see the relation amongst events in an author?s life and that of his works. Many great authors have transcribed the pivotal moments of their existence onto paper for readers to enjoy, sympathize, or rage. Certainly, Fyodor (or Fedor) Dostoevsky, being no assorted than that of the very best of his profession, lived a life with experiences that influenced his writings a great deal. His masterpieces stand as ultimate manifestations of his tumultuous affair with pain, sorrow, anger, misery, for, each tells of dark worlds and conflicts with affable status, money, or oneself. Overall, Dostoevsky?s past of living in constant torment with himself and his ideals transfers itself onto each page of his novel Crime and Punishment, indeed, difficult lessons he learned from his get mistakes jump out from the page at readers, as if he wants us also to learn something. Born in Moscow 1821 during the rule of tyrannical Russia n tsars and slavery with the nicer terminology of serfdom, the young Dostoevsky witnessed first-hand the violent nature of an alcoholic. As son of a vicious army surgeon whose brutality after drinking conduct the family serfs to choke him to death one day by pouring whisky down his throat (Leatherbarrow 13), his aversion to and disgust of alcohol is easily understood. In an unhoped-for turn of events, Nicolas I liberated all serfs during Dostoevsky?s teenage years and as a result left him and his family on the edge of destitution. In the conjure of emancipation, however, he matured into a fierce advocate for serf rights and even called for government subsidies to aid them in starting afresh (15). His campaign for better conditions for peasants and fi... ...ld when he died in 1881 (Leatherbarrow 30), Dostoevsky left the world a legacy of amazing works that probe into the depths of the human soul The Double, The House of the Dead, Notes from the Underground, Crime and Punis hment, The Idiot, The Possessed, The Brothers Karamazov, etc (31). Works CitedDostoevskys Life and Career, 1859-1863. LESSON 8 Dostoevsky, Notes From Underground. Russian 5421, University of Minnesota. 28 Dec. 2007, . Knapp, Liza. Giants of Russian Literature Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Chekhov. Prince Frederick, MD Modern Scholar, 2007. Leatherbarrow, William J. Fedor Dostoevsky. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1981. Leone, Bruno, Brenda Stalcup, Bonnie Szumski, and Tamara Johnson, eds. Fyodor Dostoevsky a Literary Companion. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1998. 54-83.

Protection Of Endangered Species Essay -- essays research papers

Out of all(prenominal) the species that have ever existed since the beginning of time, 98% of them atomic number 18 dead (Facts). There are an estimated 5-10 million species that exist currently and only 1.5 million have been identified (Sherry, 2). Scientists classify species into six different groups plants, creatures, insects, algae, fungi, and microorganisms (Todays Situation). In the tropical rainforest alone, most species are disappearing at the rate of 1% a year (Sherry, 6). If the current trend continues, at least 50% of all currently existing species will be either extinct or endangered by the year 2050 (Todays Situation). For this reason endangered species deserve much protection than the current regulations provide.Throughout history there have been many different reasons for the extinction of species. The earliest known reason was 64-66 million years agone when scientists believe a meteorite struck earth causing the extinction of the dinosaur and of 85% of the speci es existing at the time (Sherry, 2). A nonher major problem is the introduction of species into a new environment. Most introduced species become pests because they have no natural enemies and can easily out compete native species that have natural enemies, thus overpopulating a certain environment (Sherry, 5). The main causes of extinction are habitat desolation, commercial exploitation, damage by non-native species introduced into the environment, and pollution (Definition of endangered species). Out of all of these, habitat destruction is the major source of extinction. It is thought that at least 4,000-6,000 species become extinct each year in the rain forest alone due to impetuous acreage to make room for farm fields (Todays situation). Most of the human caused extinctions occurred during the Industrial Revolution, which was 250 years ago (Sherry, 2). Another significant reason for the decline, if not extinction of species is hunting and poaching animals. A good example of th is is the near extinction of the American Bison due to over hunting. Between 1870 and 1875, 2.5 million Bison were killed annually. In 1883 the get significant herd with around 10,000 members was done away with. By 1990 there were only an estimated 500 plain Bison remaining in the United State (Direct Causes). These are all key reasons for the extinction of species and if we can avoid them then we may prevent the future extinctio... ...eature and is being born to a dairy cow (Bergley, 56). This is the first time that a specie has been cloned using the eggs and surrogate mother of an entirely different specie (Bergley, 56). If we keep open DNA from endangered species it creates the potential for an animal to be cloned, which could increase the genetic diversity of endangered species and prevent inbreeding (Bergley,56). If the cloning of endangered species continues it will increase the number of a certain specie and possibly one day will take them off the endangered species lis t.Unless we take the precautions to protect and preserve endangered species, they will disappear forever. Without them, the earths ecosystem may very well crumble. When we endanger wildlife, we are also endangering ourselves. We as humans must learn from our mistakes and prevent the further destruction of wildlife habitat and help to preserve endangered species and conserve their natural environments. Something that will help us remember this is that Living species today, are the end products of twenty million centuries of evolution absolutely naught can be done when the species has finally gone, when the last pair has died out (Quotes).

Eating Disorders and Image in Girl, Interrupted Essay -- Diseases, Dis

Fact and Fiction paper 2PsychopathologyEvery single day women be faced with the questions of whether they argon pretty enough, skinny enough, whether men are attracted to them, whether they can be loved or not, and whether people think they are beautiful. Images of beautiful females are plastered all over the media, commercials, Internet, movies, TV shows, ad campaigns, etc. In todays society the perfect female proportions are nearly unimaginable for one to healthily obtain, but this does not stop women of all ages to going through impossible measures in order to be one step hand-to-hand to what they consider perfection. For many girls all ages, shapes, sizes, around the world, eating unsoundnesss are becoming more prevalent for weight loss because of the fact that results occur much meteoric than a sizeable weight loss regiment. Daisy Randone, a character in the movie Girl Interrupted played by Brittany Murphy, is no different. Daisy constantly compared her style and weight to those of TV actresses, women in the media and models, and found herself to be repulsive. Daisy constantly tried to hide her anorexia from friends, family, nurses and doctors. She soon saw herself developing a very severe facial expression of major depression disorder because of the negative feelings she felt about herself, her life, and her relationships. Daisys eating disorder was much more apparent to others, that it masked her major depressive disorder that she was also currently struggling with. Throughout this paper I will discuss the following topics1.Daisys behavior and why I believe it reflects this token disorder2.The definition and explanation of what anorexia nervosa is.3.The etiology of Daisys specific case of anorexia nervosa.4.... ...eatable, with the right time, effort, and tools one can overcome anorexia and learn to live a normal, healthy lifestyle, where they are happy and proud of their appearance and weight. Works CitedAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994) . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC Author.Levenkron, S. (1997). Treating and Overcoming Anorexia Nervosa. New York, NY A date Warner Company.Dryden-Edwards, R. (n.d.). Anorexia nervosa. Retrieved from http//www.medicinenet.com/anorexia_nervosa/article.htmdictionary.com. In (2009). HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved from http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/stigmaHall, L. (1999). Anorexia Nervosa A Guide to Recovery. Carlsbad, CA Gurze Books.Treasure, J. (1999). Anorexia Nervosa A Survivals Guide. East Sussex, UK Psychology Press Ltd.

Eating Disorders and Image in Girl, Interrupted Essay -- Diseases, Dis

Fact and Fiction paper 2PsychopathologyEvery single day women are faced with the questions of whether they are pretty enough, stunted enough, whether men are attracted to them, whether they can be loved or non, and whether people think they are beautiful. Images of beautiful females are plastered all over the media, commercials, Internet, movies, TV shows, ad campaigns, etc. In todays society the perfect female proportions are nearly impossible for one to healthily obtain, but this does not stop women of all ages to going through impossible measures in order to be one step closer to what they consider perfection. For many girls all ages, shapes, sizes, nearly the world, eating disorders are becoming more prevalent for weight spillage because of the fact that results occur much faster than a healthy weight loss regiment. Daisy Randone, a character in the movie Girl Interrupted played by Brittany Murphy, is no different. Daisy constantly compared her demeanor and weight to those o f TV actresses, women in the media and models, and represent herself to be repulsive. Daisy constantly tried to hide her anorexia from friends, family, nurses and doctors. She soon saw herself developing a very severe case of major depression disorder because of the forbid feelings she felt about herself, her life, and her relationships. Daisys eating disorder was much more apparent to others, that it masked her major depressive disorder that she was also currently struggling with. passim this paper I will discuss the following topics1.Daisys behavior and why I believe it reflects this particular disorder2.The definition and explanation of what anorexia nervosa is.3.The etiology of Daisys specific case of anorexia nervosa.4.... ...eatable, with the right time, effort, and tools one can overcome anorexia and learn to live a normal, healthy lifestyle, where they are happy and proud of their appearance and weight. Works CitedAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC Author.Levenkron, S. (1997). Treating and Overcoming Anorexia Nervosa. New York, NY A Time Warner Company.Dryden-Edwards, R. (n.d.). Anorexia nervosa. Retrieved from http//www.medicinenet.com/anorexia_nervosa/article.htmdictionary.com. In (2009). HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved from http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/stigmaHall, L. (1999). Anorexia Nervosa A Guide to Recovery. Carlsbad, CA Gurze Books.Treasure, J. (1999). Anorexia Nervosa A Survivals Guide. East Sussex, UK Psychology Press Ltd.

Household Behavior and Consumer Choice Essay

Issues of household sort and consumer choices, lie in the field of microeconomics. Microeconomics, sometimes called the outlay speculation is a branch of economics that concerns itself with the study of how households, individuals, and firms make their own private decisions on how to allocate scarce resources. In this research paper, I will attempt to apply economic theories and mostly the consumer theory to analyze these decisions and their tacks on consumption, interests and requital. ANALYSIS DEFINITIONS HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIORHousehold behavior is principally viewed and analyzed as the theory of consumer demand of various commodities or generally household consumption. In addition to this household behavior also concerns itself with production of commodities or service and the allow of labor by households. Consumer demand on the other hand concerns itself with how demand functions for various commodities are derived. This derivation is done considering the rational choice model base on utility maximization. In this analysis, economic restraints like budgets, income and commodity prices are considered for specific households.The consumer theory studies the issue of household likes and preferences applying indifference bends as well as budget constraints and relates these preferences to consumes demand curves. There are many economic variables that are used in the analysis of these preferences. Among the major variables, include the price per unit of a certain obedient and the money incomes of the specific consumers. A variety show in the price of a sober usually has two major effects. Firstly, there is the heterotaxy effect and secondly there is the income effect. The substitution effect usually arises from the relative change in prices of consumer goods.On the other hand, the income effect arises from changes in the purchasing provide of the available money wage or income. The diagram below depicts the relationship between consumer demand and price s through indifference curves given budget constraints. When the price of good Y increases, the budget personal line of credit will shift from BC2 to BC1. This is because when the price of good y increases households will buy less of the good but they will soothe buy the same quantity of good X as long as they wish. In order to maximize his or her utility the consumer will constitute to move from indifference curve I2 to I1.By doing this the consumer will be able to enjoy his/her preferences as normal. Incase the price of commodity Y decreases the budget line or the budget constraint will move from BC1 to BC2. This is because the consumer will now be able to purchase more of commodity y while at the same time enjoying the same amount of good X. in the same case, the consumer in order to maximize his/her utility will move from indifference curve I1 to I2. The same scenario will be applicable for price changes of good X. The income effect The income effect is depicted in the diagra m below.An increase or decrease of the consumers disposable income will cause a parallel shift of the consumers budget constraint. An increase in the disposable income will cause the budget constraint to shift to the right while a decrease in the income will cause the budget constraint to shift to the left. This applies for normal goods since the indifference curves will fight back differently for inferior goods and Giffen goods (goods with a snob appeal). For inferior goods as the income increases, less of the commodity will be consumed. This is because the increased income will cause the consumers to seek high or better goods.For Giffen goods as the income, increases the amount of goods purchased may either increase or remain the same. Generally, the effects sight be summed up to the substitution effect and the income effect. The substitution effect usually is a price change that affects the slope of the budget line (constraint), but leaves the consumer on the same equilibrium indifference curve. In cases where the good in question is a normal good then the price effect will outweigh the substitution effect, but in cases where the good is an inferior good then the substitution effect will outweigh the price effect.Leisure-labor tradeoff The time that any consumer has to allocate for different purposes is called time endowment. The price of leisure is analyzed using the consumer theory, with some slight adjustments. In this case, leisure is assumed to be a good and consumption is considered to be another good. Since consumers take aim scarce and finite time then they will have to choose between leisure, which earns no money, and consumption of labor that earns an income.Regardless of this trade off the change in the unit price of leisure will have a huge effect on the working time since a reduction or an increase in the price of labor will lead to less work and more work respectively. Wage and interest rates Wages can be analyzed both as a cause and as ef fect of consumer behavior. They are a cause in the sense that as wages increase so does the consumption of households increase. On the other hand, wages can be viewed as an effect of consumption behavior since they are confirmatoryly pertinacious by the consumer price index. Both real and nominal interest rates are affected by consumer behaviors.Depending on the liquidity within the economy, the consumption behavior of households can cause an increase or decrease in the level of interest rates. Conclusion Many variables that are dealt with in microeconomics usually have an indirect effect in the field of macroeconomics. The determination of the national income do consider the value that households contribute either in the form of consumption or services that they render. In addition to this, the level of inflation is also slightly affected by the consumption and expenditure behaviors of the households.Consumer theory plays a very important use of goods and services in explaining household behaviors. However, the field of macroeconomics also needs to be keenly looked at since it deals with economic aggregates.ReferencesMankiw, N. G. (2004), Principles of economics (3rd Ed. ), Chicago, ILLIOIS Thomson South-Western McWilliams Gary. Analyzing Customers the wall street journal,Monday, November 8, 2004. Available athttp//online. wsj. com/ condition/SB109986994931767086. html Philip Hardwick (1982), an Introduction to Modern Economics, Longman, U. K

A Different History- Analysis

A Different History By- Suajata Bhatt The poem A Different History is set in India. In the start split up the poet describes how the world is developing at a fast pace and leaving behind culture, morals, value, spirituality etc. But India on the other hand has managed to lift its tradition and modernity. Great cooking pan is not dead he simply emigrated to India Here, the perfections roam freely Disguised as snakes or monkeys every tree is sacred Pan is the Greek god of nature. This reference to Greece and Pan could refer to two things.One of the possible interpretations is that- Rome, Greece and India are considered the hubs of spirituality and they devour their own set of gods and goddesses. But oer the years Greece has developed and consequently its people have lost faith in god. On the contrary, India continues to be highly spiritual and god fearing and the Great Pan emigrating to India could connote how India continues to have faith and believe in god. Another explanation could be the love for nature and respect for the natural environment in India. subtitle has it that Pan died due to the depletion of nature and animals in Greece.At the eon this poem was written India was not a shade of what it is now and was known for its natural beauty and its peoples dependence and respect for nature. The next three lines seem to be mocking the Indian psyche of turning everything and everyone to god and creating a god for everything. The stereotypical Indian has a habit of using gods give to get things done associating every minute detail in his support to god and this is what I heart the poet is mocking. And it is a sin to be rude to a book It is a sin to shove a book aside with your foot, sin to slam books set ashore hard on a table, a sin to toss one carelessly across a room. You must learn how to turn the pages gently without sorry Sarasvati, without offending the tree from whose wood the paper was made. These lines describe the Indian culture, trad itions and the values that are inculcated into kids at a young age. Sarasvati, who is considered the goddess of arts and knowledge, is, according to Hindu beliefs, resides in books. So books are respected (reference to mockery of Indian psyche) notwithstanding in this case she is admiring this aspect of Indian culture.Books are considered an equivalent of god and touching god with your feet, slamming him et cetera is profanity. What the poet is savouring to say in the first paragraph is that India is probably the only country in the world that have maintained its values, morals, culture and tradition and these have gone hand in hand with development. She also talks about the element of god being added to an array of things. Some of which, she thinks, are tout ensemble droll and others that she truly respects. Which language has not been the oppressors tongue? Which language truly meant to murder someone? And how does it happen hat after the torture, after the soul has been cropp ed with a long scythe swooping out of the conquerors face- the unborn grandchildren grow to love that strange language. I feel that the transition from the first paragraph to the mho is not very good as the connection amongst the two themes is not evident. In my opinion the connection is that she is drawing a parallel between the pre- British India and the colonised India. She is using the English language as a representation of the colonised India and how it forgot or was made to forget its culture in the name of a better future and development.Here, she refers to them as oppressors, murderers, but murderers of what? In my opinion murder in this context refers not just to taking lives but also the murder of spirits, souls and more relevantly cultures and customs. She seems to be blaming the British for the loss of the culture, customs, values, morals and in this case language as well. She questions how despite all the violate done by the British we continue to speak the English language and have stopped speaking our mother tongue. This is the same language that was spoken by the people who destroyed out heritage and culture used .This is not only in reference to language but our love for anything foreign and our contemn at our very own country and shame at our deep, brilliant and fascinating culture. But a poem is open to interpretation and the tone and the expression it is said can change the meaning completely. While reading a poem it is important to analyse what background the poem has, the life of the poet how it is connected to her life. Sujata Bhatt, it was the first time I heard her name. She was born in Ahmedabad to a Gujarati family.She was brought up in Pune and then in 1968 at the age of twelve she shifted to the US. Currently she lives in Germany. Suajata Bhatts life is a complete contrast to the poem. In the poem she keeps talking about how we are forgetting our culture how we have been influenced by the Conquerors et cetera. My first reac tion to this was that she was a hypocrite. But then I realised that many times in life there are things that bother you, things that eat your insides but it is completely different and much harder to change or work against these things.I got to thinking that maybe Sujata Bhatt considers herself an example of the unborn grandchildren, maybe while writing this poem she had herself and her whole life in mind. Maybe she realised how she was losing contact with her motherland how she was losing the Indian in her. This poem could be a poem to reach out to the masses and try to make them understand the value of being in touch with your motherland and not commit the same mistake she had committed. This poem was written in the space colonial period.At a time when India was finding its bearings in the world. It was a time when India was still hung over from the British rule but at the same time it played the rebellious teen and tried to fight the natural course of things. When your country h as been ruled by foreigners, colonisers for as many as three degree centigrade years there are bound to be an influence on the country. The British ruled over many many generations of Indians and after a stopover of time the British way of living and approach in general started seeming normal to the Indians and they began to follow it.When the British left India in 1947 the youth were in an awkward predicament while they wanted to revive their culture and their lifestyle they continued to be westernised. Sujata Bhatt continuously emphasises the importance of a national identity not only in this poem but throughout. A national identity is what defines you globally. On the world map it is not the people who are visible it is the countries. distant your territory your country plays a major part in your identity. The poet says that if you lose your native habits, morals, values and culture your identity is depleted. * Arjun Nayar 9C

Keurig: Convenience, Choice, and Competitive Brands Essay

In 1990, John Sylvan and Peter Dragone entered the umber brewing manufacturing by first appearance their company Keurig built upon on the question of, why do we brew chocolate by the pot when we only drink it by the form? inwardly a few years after their start-up, they were able to secure multiple patents as well as acquiring $1 million from venture capitalists to em leftover upon their prototype. By 1998, Keurig, which is German for excellence, was finally able to launch their first industrial strength, single-serve machine delivering a perfect cupful of java every(prenominal) cartridge holder. Keurig was lucky to bring together the coffee grocery at the dawn of its explosion, when consumers wants and needs began to shy a elbow room from traditional coffee pot brewing and shifted more towards a single cup of premium, gourmet roasted coffee. As the coffee marketplace continued to grow, it exhibited two trends. First world the mainstreaming of specialisation coffees a nd secondly, only brewing one cup of it at a quantify. Keurig foc utilise its efforts towards adapting to these changes by dramatically boosting innovation, technology, and their R&D de bitment. Keurig changed the game in the single cup sector by introducing their patented K-Cup and partnering with Green chain re scrapor Coffee Roasters (GMCR).These were tiny plastic cups that contained the coffee grounds already within the filter and sealed with an aluminum lid. All the consumer then has to do is place the cup within the Keurig machine (without removing the aluminum), scrawny the lid and press a providedton, and in less than a minute, a fresh cup of coffee awaits. From the time of its launch in 1998, Keurig offered only 8 varieties of GMCR coffee and by the early 2000s consumers had the choice of over 200 varieties from 30 different brands. When it comes time that Keurigs patents bequeath expire, competition leave skyrocket, so it is passing important that they pay close att ention to their adversarys moves. After an in depth analysis of the entire coffee industry, its competitors, and major market players, I take hold determined three recommendations to go forward with testimonial 1 Expand foreignly using a transnational strategy. recommendation 2 Follow GMCRs 2012 chess openings with increase innovation Recommendation 3 Pursue a recycling initiative or biodegradable K-Cups With the coffee drunkenness market growing as fast as it is along with the amount of competition that stooge present in the market, it is important that firms build their brands and are endlessly improving what they progress to to offer.Recommendation 1 Expand internationally using a transnational strategy. Current in the industry, the top market players necessitate set up themselves in the United States as well as in other various parts of the world such as Europe and Asia. In parade to be a serious competitor, Keurig must consider the returns to expanding internatio nally, non only for sales but for manufacturing determinations as well. That being said, it is extremely important that companies pay close attention to other cultures and certain characteristics that effect each community differently. Especially when you are attempting to enter somewhat of a segmented market. Keeping foreign cultures in mind, implementing a transnational strategy would be the most advantageous in terms of serving the needs of other countries. Keurig would impose a think global, act local anesthetic strategy or glocal. The book describes this as a middle ground strategy for when there are relatively uplifted needs for local responsiveness as well as appreciable benefits to be realized from standardization. Although coffee is somewhat the same all over, different cultures prefer different types or blends. It is crucial that a company understands a cultures preferred wants and needs before embarking abroad.Although it may be difficult to implement, the benefits of sharing information and resources across boarders along with tensile coordination can far outweigh the negatives. Because coffee can become so standardized, it forget not be extremely difficult or costly to assort between the lines. If Keurig wants to be able to compete with the other industry leaders, it is essential that they take the time to do careful look into, then implement their strategy for expanding abroad. Recommendation 2 Follow GMCRs 2012 initiatives with change magnitude innovation With the expiration of Keurigs patents coming to a near, it is crucial that Keurig be on the defensive end for a duration and prepare themselves for any major market moves. In order to prepare themselves, Keurig must also befuddle some tricks up their sleeve to prevail their market share and diversification high because of the relatively low barriers to debut. There were two of GMCRs 2012 initiatives that stood out as good plans for attack. The first one dealt with debut new coffee makers such as the Rivo Cappuccino and Latte System as well as new variety blends to accompany them. When their patent expires, launchinga completely new product with new patents will pave the way for increased market share.Keurig will be able to compete in a much broader market and can petition to greater amounts of consumers. In addition to developing new variety packs, it is also essential that Keurig pursue more boozing options to appeal to a broader market. For instance, GMCR mention introducing a Wellness Brewed line to include healthy beverages containing vitamins and antioxidant ingredients. Keurig must continue return between certain partnerships to keep up with certain trends in the market to be able to jump on new opportunities that present themselves and can be taken advantage of. Innovation is extremely describe to remaining on top, and it is one of Keurigs primary key success factors. Recommendation 3 Pursue a recycling initiative or biodegradable K-Cups Pursuing a green initiative, I believe will bring nothing but prosperity to Keurig. Being economically and socially responsible can yield high returns if done in the right way. With the coffee industry already in the global spotlight with Fair Trade agreements, it certainly would add credibility to a brand.With a large number of coffee drinkers already economically conscious, it would exponentially boost judges if they were enforce a recycling initiative similar to what Nespresso did with their ecolaboration and encouraging consumers to recycle. Equally as important, if not more, would be the need for developing biodegradable K-Cups. It is very important to the world and its consumers to give back to the terra firma and not harm our surroundings. With the extremely high number of K-Cups produced, it would be extremely beneficial to find a way for those tiny little cups decompose into the ground. From the time Keurig was launched until 2006, over 1 billion K-Cups had been consumed. Withi n the next two years, another 2 billion had been consumed by 2008. That is an exceptionally large amount of K-Cups potentially harming the environment that could otherwise be helping to add to our nutrient rich soil. Industry AnalysisExhibit 1 Dominant Economic ForcesMarket size and return rateThe coffee market within the United States is s tea leafdily increasing from year to year. In 2012, the US alone consumed nearly one-third of all coffee worldwide. That equals out to roughly 400 million cups of coffee per day.During World War II, US coffee consumption accounted for nearly 80% of all coffee worldwide. despite the drastic change in percentages, the coffee industry has never been as profitable as it is today because consumer value migration. In the early 90s, P&G, Phillip Morris/ kraft, and Nestle held nearly 90% of the entire coffee market. When the market for specialty coffees began to take hold, within six years, that market had already grasped 22% of the total market share, leaving the big 3 in the dust without knowing how to properly react to the extensive growth. The big names were concerned with price and consistency while specialty coffee focused on origin, quality, processing and cultivation.It was estimated that the total coffee market consumption was nearly 2.9 billion pounds or $30-$32 billion in 2012. specialism coffee accounted for nearly 37% of volume share and over 50% value share meaning it was far more profitable than generic coffee. In 2010, there were 90 million coffee brewers within US households and in 2012 alone, approximately 24 million brewers were purchased. During this growth phase, single cup brews increased 52% while all other brews only increased 3%. Coffee shells and single cup brews have experienced dramatic growth and have begun taking over the entire coffee market share. From 2011-2017, it is expected that these will lead the evolution with a 74% off-trade growth. add up of RivalsWithin the specialty coffee industry, t here are only a handful of companies that compete at the level of Keurig and their single K-Cup technology. There are four main market players that have similar brewing technologies. The most palmy competitor would have been Nestle with their Nespresso brewing machine released in 1976 that utilized pods for their espresso. Their technology has been around the overnight but with the emergence of Keurig, they slowly began to be overshadowed. Keurigs other three primary competitors include Mars Flavia beverage brass which targeted offices, Krafts Tassimo system which offered an at home brew, and lastly there was the Senseo brewing system manufactured by Sara Lee. Scope of competitive rivalryThe coffee industry has a massive international market that reaches all points around the world. The US has the next largest market compared toFrance. Americans consume 276 cups of coffee a year while the French consume 395. Nestle took advantage of this by expanding its technology to Europe to i nclude both France and Switzerland as well as in Japan and China. Within the US, Keurig began to dominate by buy companies across the country to increase its market share much quicker than rival companies were able to keep up with. Specialty coffee already had a strong terms in New England. To expand their brand, Keurig partnered with Van Houtte to gain market share in Canada and later purchased Caribou Coffee (Midwest) as well as Tullys coffee (Pacific Northwest). Number of vendeesThe number of buyers within the Unites States is extremely vast. As mentioned earlier, nearly 90 million of American households had a coffee brewer of some sort. The mountain range of brewers reaches far beyond that and can be classified into smaller groups. Households extremely prevalent within the industry with high purchase power Hotels approximately 5 million coffeemakers are in hotel rooms in the US Businesses most, if not all businesses have a coffeemaker onsite or in their break rooms. B2B Wal -Mart, Starbucks, Office Depot, Staples, Bed, bathing tub & Beyond Pace of technological changeThe increase of technology and push for innovation plays a huge role in gaining market share. The evolution from a coffee pot to single cup brews has sparked a huge push to develop the perfect cup of coffee while at the same time making the process simpler. Coffee pods lead the way for the early 2000s but when Keurig introduced their K-cups, other companies were eager to jump on board. Their patented technology included the coffee and the filter all into one simple cup. Keurig also released the My K-Cup, which allowed consumers to use their own coffee grounds to make a single cup roast. Upon Keurigs patent expiration in 2012, other companies such as Breville and Cuisinart developed their own single cup brewers and even offering a My K-Cup as part of the package. Specific brewing techniques are important to customers in terms of getting the most out of your cup of coffee. Improving upon th e injection brewing process is the key to perfecting the brew. Innovation is extremely crucial in order to meet customer look ats as well as tutelage up with their wants and needs. It iscritical to have a strong research and outgrowth department to keep up with these changes. Standard ProductsWithin the specialty coffee market there are two products used within conjunction. There is the brewing machine itself and then there is the pod or the cup. There is mild differentiation between products but vast differentiation between different blends or roasts and so on. In the end, what it comes down to is the techniques applied to the brewing processes. Though coffee is not the only thing a Keurig can brew. It can brew a wide variety of beverages such as tea, lemonade, cider, fruit brews, and deep brown, which many a(prenominal) competitors cannot compete with. Vertical IntegrationBy partnering with Green ken Coffee Roasters, Keurig was able to keep the manufacturing and selling pro cess within the boundaries of their supply chain. Also by partnering with Van Houtte, they were able to acquire an already very successful vertically integrated company on top of being able to expand their market share into Canada. GMCR divided their operations into 3 different segments Specialty Coffee business unit (SCBU), Keurig business unit (KBU), and Canadian business unit (CBU). Each of these carry out different responsibilities such as promotion processes or customer relations. For instance SCBU deals traditional packaging for supermarkets, convenience stores and distributors, while KBU focuses more on single serve packs for at home brewers. Keurig also has many licensing partnerships to carry and promote their product in their stores such as Wal-Mart and Starbucks. Exhibit 2 Five Forces AnalysisRivalry Weak to ModerateBuyer demand is growing rapidly (-) the specialized coffee industry is growing as exponential rates, in some years even double digit increases be to switch are high (-) if a consumer owns a Keurig, then they are unable to switch to any other brand that does not utilize K-Cups Number of buyers are increasing (-) it is a growing market that is spreading rapidly and gaining nationwide attention Fairly high product differentiation (+/-) The brewers themselves are powerfully tell apart as well as the diversity in the roasts themselves Threat of New Entrants fondEntry barriers are low (+) once Keurigs patents expired, it do it easier for companies to enter the market and mimic preexisting products Buyer demand is growing (+) specialty coffee drinks are growing dramatically Expanding market segments (+) companies are buying or partnering with other companies to increase the geographical market segment. In doing so they are also expanding their product lines buy adding new brews Threat of Substitutes Moderate to StrongSubstitutes are readily available (+) consumers can choose to go to Starbucks or other coffee shops. Customers can also purs ue another source of caffeine such as sodas, energy drinks, or 5-hour energy Substitutes have comparable features (+) Whether customers are pursuing a caffeine fix or looking for a good cup of coffee, they are each similar and readily available Relatively high switching costs (-) it would be much cheaper to put a K-Cup into the brewer than to go out to a coffee shop and purchase a specialty brew. Same idea applies for purchasing sodas or energy drinks supplier Power Very StrongDifferentiated product selection (+) the products available are specific to each companys needs such as K-Cups or pods. Coffee blends are very specific as well and rely on the same product on a regular al-Qaeda No good substitutes for suppliers without high switching costs (+) it can be extremely difficult to switch coffee producers. There are specific contracts in place that need to be fulfilled. Supplier industry is more concentrated (+) Keurig obtains its coffee from specific companies that their sole pur pose is to provide coffee. The industry is also reign by a few large companies Bargaining Power of Buyers WeakBuyer demand is growing (+) It is expected that the specialized coffee industry will continue to grow and bring high demand Buyer might not necessarily be able to postpone purchase (-) The primary purpose of purchasing coffee is for the caffeine intake and waking up. Certain customers integrate coffee into their daily routine and do not fare well without it racy switching costs (-) difficult and expensive to purchase analternative product. Buyers price sensitive (-) In Keurigs case, this works to their benefit because purchasing a specialty cup of coffee is more expensive than purchasing K-Cups and customers are likely to revert to Keurig when money is tight Exhibit 3 Driving ForcesEntry or exit of major firmsIn 2012 when Sara Lee was forced to discontinue their Senseo coffee maker, that in turn opened up a great deal of market share for competing companies such as Keurig to take advantage of. Companies were able to thrive off their misfortune and gain market share and new customers. On the contrary, barriers to meekness into the market are relatively low, meaning new competition can arise causing existing companies to have to shift their focus and execute antagoniseing strategies. Buyer preferences shift to standardized productWith this situation I believe that Keurig has the upper hand whether buyers prefer a standardized product or a differentiated product. The same can apply for a situation in which buyers have to cut costs. Keurig offers both cheap, generic beverages and expensive, high end K-Cup choices. Keurig is the better alternative to purchasing an expensive specialty drink at a coffee shop. Regulatory or government policy changeThere could be an increase in price between trade agreements or extra tariffs imposed for importing coffee into the United States. This could cause Keurig to have to make drastic changes in their determine or ex penditures. Although they might not deal directly with importing the coffee, they would surely be impacted down the line and consequently have to bear the brunt of it with increased prices from suppliers. Product innovationThere is always a high probability of a competitor coming out with a revolutionizing innovation that boosts them to the forefront of the market. both Kraft and Nestle are capable of improving their products and making Keurig seem outdated. Keurig would in turn have to implement a sound strategy to counteract their move and boost their research and discipline teams. Exhibit 4 Key Success FactorsTechnology and InnovationHeld 26 US patents and 65 international patents in 2007Patented proprietary portion-pack system using specially designed filter, sealed in a low-oxygen environment to ensure freshness (K-Cups) Specially designed proprietary high-speed packaging lines that manufactured K-Cups Brewers that precisely crackled the amount, temperature, and pressure of w ater to provide a consistently superior cup of coffee in less than a minute Eliminating the need to measure water and coffee groundsMarketingPenetrating the medium and low income homes and not just appealing to high end Reliable pod machine, with easy to use refills, and a variety of coffee flavors that are easy to find. Leading to a 94% customer satisfaction rating Offering My K-Cup to use for personal coffee groundsEncouraging distributors to give away or lease Keurig brewers to businesses in order to attain the real cyberspace from the K-Cups Utilizes razorblade model that keeps customers continually having to replenish their K-Cups once they have purchased the brewer GMCR deriving 90% of consolidated net sales from Keurig appliances and K-Cups and receiving $.04 royalties from every K-Cup sold through partners Expanding marque NameVertically integrating their business to keep it within the supply chain Partnered with Van Houtte, Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Newmans Own, Gloria Je ans, Coffee People, Caribou Coffee, and Tullys coffee in order to increase market share Partnering with large corporations such as Starbucks, Home Depot, Wal-Mart, Staples, and Bed, Bath and Beyond to promote and stock their product on their shelves With these partnerships, Keurig was able to expand their customer base not only geographically but also by expanding their beverage variety to more than coffee and tea Exhibit 5 Competitor OverviewCompetitor AnalysisDespite stiff competition and rapid growth of single cup brewing, barriers toentry remained relatively low. Although, the high demand for Keurigs K-cup technology began to vastly outnumber that of its competitors, many still pursued their techniques and innovative strategies. Sara Lee Their brewing line was called the Senseo which was the first real competitor of Keurig. The Senseo utilized similar brewing techniques by being able to vary the amount of water passing over the coffee, which affected the flavor and strength of t he brew. When Keurig introduced their Vue system in 2012, Sara Lee was unable to compete forced to shut down production due to unreliable performance and short product life span. Kraft Foods Launched their product called the Tassimo, which utilized coffee pods called T-Discs that caught on extremely well in France. After spending nearly $10 million in promoting T-Discs, coffee pod volume grew 26% in 2005 and another 35% the following year in France. Unfortunately, due to lesser quality of coffee and limited user control features, sales were negatively affected.On top of that, in 2012, approximately 835,000 coffeemakers in the US and another 900,000 in Canada as well as 4,000,000 T-Discs were recalled after reports of brewers crop-dusting hot liquid and causing second degree burns to consumers. Mars They developed a brewing system named Flavia. Their primary focus was creating a coffee maker that would be ideal for the workplace or in a business environment Nestle Nestle has been in the coffee industry the longest out of the competitors. In 1976 the launched the Nespresso machine that was one of the first to encapsulate the single cup espresso. Their technology quickly caught on and within ten years had spread out their market to Switzerland, Japan, and Italy. In the early 90s they introduced their household espresso machine in France. By 2000 they were experiencing double digit growth by focusing on the highest quality coffee. Their industry was skyrocketing and in 2006 exceeded revenue of 1 billion, quickly followed by 2 billion in 2008, then 3 billion in 2010. By 2012 they had over 8,300 employees across 60 countries, offering 30 machine models, which all lead to their 19% market share in espresso and premium coffees that paved the way for the rest of the premium coffee roasters. Exhibit 6Financial BreakdownThe chart on a lower floor demonstrates the breakdown of net sales between 2010 and 2012 of each of the products the Keurig sells. It is pass away the vast majority ofsales is due to sales of single serve packs growing on average nearly 1 million a year. Keurig has experiences square(a) growth from year to year with the exception certain royalties. Their ability to rely on the sales of single serve packs acts as their distinctive competency.Exhibit 7 Weighted warring Strength AssessmentThe weighted competitive strength assessment demonstrates that Keurig and Nestle both have the strongest market positions compared to the inferior Kraft and Sara Lee. Keurig exemplifies its strengths in quality and innovation while Nestle has the upper hand in their developed brand name and advertising abilities. Kraft and Sara Lee have dismount scores considering their failed attempts to compete at the top only to have their products discontinued or recalled which reflects their overall quality which is demonstrated in the group map belowCOMPANY ANALYSISExhibit 8 Business Level StrategyKeurig focuses their strategy around broad differentiation by offering customers something that competing rivals cannot. Keurig coffee makers have appeal to all coffee drinkers worldwide, especially in the Unites States, whether they are pursuing a premium roast or a basic cup of coffee. They appeal to the niche market of specialized gourmet coffee drinkers with the ability to reach the broader section of all coffee drinkers. They offer something attractively different while keeping quality at a premium. In doing so their customer loyalty continues to flourish with nearly all of them being repetitive buyers as well as a 94% customer satisfaction rating. Through all of their partnerships with other coffee companies they are now able to appeal to vast array of customers, and not just coffee drinkers. Their massive selection of K-Cups includes over 30 brands with over 200 varieties to choose from. Their partnerships have also put them to the forefront by being able to grasp a nationwide market share that appeals to everyone. When it comes to i nnovation, Keurigs puts that as a top priority, which keeps them ahead of their imitative competitors, especially when it comes to the speed and simmpleness of using their product.Their ability to evolve their technology through innovation is their strongest sustainablecompetitive advantage. In addition, their continued increase in capital investments is why they have remained an industry leader as well as their large amount of patents they are able to retain. Keurig would not be nearly as successful without their well-built, in-depth research and development team. Keurig stands by their name of excellence. Lastly, their implemented growth strategies is what will keep them on top with continual improvements and innovations to all aspects of their brand. Of the 90 million households with coffee makers, Keurig has do it their goal to convert half of those coffee makers to Keurigs as well as strongly pursuing hotel rooms to implement their technology. GMCR has four vectors of their g rowth strategy for Keurig which include new brewer technologies, new beverage categories, new brands, and new channels. Keurig clearly demonstrates their strive for product superiority over the rest of the market. Exhibit 9 Resources and Competitive CapabilitiesResource StrengthsKeurig has developed a strong loyal customer base that spans beyond specialty coffee drinkers, and even beyond coffee drinkers for that matter, including tea and cocoa Acquirement and partnership with multiple established companies nationwide that strengthen their market share, customer base, and supply chain success Core CompetenciesStrong differentiation from their competitors in terms of offering their superior K-Cups and premium roast coffee blends Their strong ability to improve upon their technology with their extremely advanced and well-rounded research and development department Distinctive CompetenciesKeurig has become an industry leader in the single cup market by vastly differentiating their produ cts from competitors through a series of patents that vacate the speed and simplicity of using their coffee makers. Exhibit 10 S.W.O.T.O. AnalysisStrengthsKeurig is one of the leading innovators in the industry with one of the best research and development teams to back them that are constantly aiming toimprove their brand Expanding the firms brand vertically and geographically to gain greater market share and appeal to consumers by broaden their beverage horizons and offering over 200 different varieties The idea that customers will continually run out of K-Cups and have to repurchase them and earning a $.04 royalty with every K-Cup sold through another brand WeaknessesKeurig, unlike many of the other industry leaders, has not firmly established itself as a strong international brand. In order to stay at the top, a company must compete with its rivals on other playing fields. There is tremendous room for growth internationally, especially with the technology Keurig has to offer O pportunitiesTotal coffee machine sales are projected to increase by 20% from 2011-2016 The specialty coffee industry is experiencing rapid growthNew iced coffee drinks are becoming more popular in the market ThreatsThe idea that some of Keurigs key patents will expire in 2012, meaning they are vulnerable to mimicking as well as potential flooding of new entrants due to the relatively low barriers to entry Increased tariffs or trade barriersOptionsImplementing a green initiative to encourage recycling as well as developing biodegradable K-Cups to not ache the environment Expanding internationally and increasing its market share Push to partner with hotels to include a Keurig coffee maker in every room

Culture War Essay

Politics play an important role in the overall situation of a hoidenish. The political set-up of a state especially in terms of the event of government, political parties, and even the political bickering that exist argon vital in creating and implementing laws. This is clearly exemplified in a democratic type of government wherein various parties that have different advocacies, view points and stands on various issues ar present. In line with this, the newly elected president of the United States of America, hot seat Barack Obama is trying to pass a bipartisan Stimulus Package in the Congress.Bipartisanship usually takes place in a two-party system wherein two major parties dominate the election in all levels of the government. Bipartisanship also happens when these two major parties put aside their differences and collaborate with each other. In this paper, it will be argued that bipartisanship is dead. This cargonen is based on three pieces of evidence that give conclusive results that will make it clear that bipartisanship is no longer applicable in the United States.First, check to Patrick Joseph Pat Buchanan, a renowned American political commentator, author, columnist, politician, broadcaster, and senior advisor to three previous U. S. presidents, There is a religious war going on in this country United States, a ethnic war as critical to the kind of nation we shall be as the Cold War itself, for this was is for the soul of America. He delivered this statement during the 1992 republican National Convention wherein he further explained that this cultural war is a displacement of classic economic conflicts that are caused by newly emergent moral and religious ones.Furthermore, the kind of war that he is referring to is said to be observable in the result of the recent elections wherein there is only a marginal difference of within 2 points. However, this kind of outcome does not give convincing result that there is indeed competitiveness among A mericans and that they are for or against one major party. Closely divided votes do not mean deeply divided votes because this does not identify whether a certain group of nation hate the other or they are just merely voting out of random.Moreover, it is difficult to identify if Americans only follow two political perspectives that are based on the two major parties that exist in the country. This is due to the fact that the media is not normal in the country. Media incentives are often used in order for those people involved in this field to sensationalize a particular issue. In this sense, not only is it difficult to identify the real stand of the American people when it comes to issues because the media could also influence the peoples way of thinking in order for them to take problems as either black and or in variations.Second, through the article entitled From stopping point War? The Myth of a Polarized America, the writer Morris P. Fiorina, debunks the observation that Amer icans are highly polarized especially in terms of cultural or social issues. He also challenges the idea that this polarization has heightened the concept of partisanship in the electorate and Washington by arguing that it is the political elites who are becoming more polarized.Morris stated that due to the fact that political elites, especially the candidates for office, are more polarized in terms of party and ideological lines and they also manipulate the choices lendable to their voters. As a result, it established a distinction of the electorate, as well as a deceitful appearance that there is indeed polarization in the mass public (Fiorina, 2005). Moreover, in the contain conducted by Fiorina, he compared the voting behavior and the position of Americans when it comes to specific issues that define culture war including gun manoeuver laws, abortion, sexual orientation, sexual discrimination, and others.He used the drear and red states wherein the blue are the recognized D emocrat states and the red are the Republican states. The result of the study dispositions that states are similar in many instances. This is proven by the data which identified that four out of ten voters in both red and blue states agreed that migration should decrease as well as seven among the ten deemed that English should be the official language of the United States. Moreover, in terms of issues that are considered part of the culture war, differences are still observable.Nevertheless, results give proof that there is a similarity in the stand of Americans when it comes to these issues. The comparison of the blue and red states show that there is many similarities and some notable differences but very little variation for a culture between states to exist (Fiorina, 2005). Third, a recent thought deals with Obama Ratings by Party Identification that illustrates independent parties and other parties that do not fall as either as a Democrat or Republican parties.The Inaugurati on Week showed that 90% cocksure ratings came from the Democrats and also a substantial 67% came from the independent and other parties. On the other hand, only 42. 7% positive ratings came from the Republicans. Similar results is also seen during the post-inauguration week wherein 87. 3% from the Democrats and 61. 3% from independent and other parties have positive remarks for Obama while only 32. 7% from the Republicans feel the same way. In this sense, it can be clearly seen that independent and other parties also have an important role when it comes to supporting any political actions that Obama will make.Moreover, this also signifies that Americans are not simply polarized into two major parties. The discussions above of the three pieces of evidence clearly identifies that bipartisanship is dead in the United States. Bipartisanship is no longer applicable because near Americans have more similarities when it comes to important issues even those that are under the cultural or social realm. The stand point of Americans is no longer identified in just two opposite poles.Rather, the political elite and irresponsible media of the country are the ones responsible for shaping the United States society to be such. In reality, states that are often identified as either red or blue do not really have much distinction when it comes to the vital concerns of the country because they have more similar stands than differences. Being the case, bipartisanship is not applicable in a society that is not or no longer polarized. Reference Fiorina, M. P. (2005). Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America. New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc.

I Am Not Esther Essay

In the text I am not Esther written by Fleur Beale a causa I liked was Kirby Greenland. I liked Kirby because she taught me about the themes of loyalty, deception and a sense of your own identity. I liked Kirby because she had experiences a lot of changes in her life. The nigh significant change was finding her own identity as she grew and developed as a teenager. She was always determined to find her mother even when it felt up like there was a brick wall at the end of the road.I also liked Kirby because she stayed true to who she really is even when she was forced to be individual who she really isnt and also Kirby is also caring and always there if someone needs her. I am not Esther is about a winning mother and daughter relationship torn apart as a mother had to leave her life behind and leave her life and moves to Africa, but by and by we discovers that really she is still in the country but in a mental hospital.Her daughter has been told to stay with relatives that he has never heard of but they are no ordinary family, as they are members from a strict, very religious cult. They have changed her name from Kirby to Esther and forced to follow the severe set of social standards by the elders have created. They cannot interact with the normal outside world as there is no television, no radio, no newspaper and no mirrors. She is forced to wear long, depleted clothing. She has no idea where her mother is and is beginning to question her own identity.

The Hero’s Journey

The Heros Journey In recent centuries, mainland China has been subject to many foreign powers even on its give soil. In times of low national pride, military art masters much(prenominal) as Ye Wen and Huo Yuanjia became national whizes, inspiring the Chinese people to prove their worth to visiting foreigners and preserve their sovereignty. through and through a comparative study of heroic martial(a) artists in the recent Chinese films Ip sureity( ) and Jet Lis Fearless ( ), this paper will explore how the stories that they tell relate to and critic tout ensembley hypothesize the Heros Journey muniment pattern identified by American Scholar Joseph Campbell.Campbells 2008 book The Hero With a Thousand Faces provides a theoretical frame for this paper. We will study how these martial artists personal stories inspire their community and the nation to overcome smashing hardship and how the filmic representation of their images represents the self-image of China as a nation. Draw ing a parallel between these heroic images and Chinas own journey toward self-reliance and national regeneration, this paper will be run acrossch that the narrative pattern of A Heros Journey could also project a meaningful reading of Chinas own flying of social and economic growth as a nation.The first film that this paper studies, Jet Lis Fearless takes place in the archaeozoic 1900s, half a century after the Opium Wars have resulted in China giving up territory to Western powers as well as minor their rule over foreigners in Chinese cities. In this historical period, Western powers look down on the Chinese as the weak men of Asia. Likewise, despite his father being a martial arts master, Huo Yuanjia is not permitted by his father to practice wushu because of his asthma.After his fathers death, Yuanjia is able to practice wushu openly and begins to signifier his reputation as the better of Tianjin. Huo Yuanjias call to adventure comes after tragedy strikes his family. Yua njia is led by one of his disciples to believe that another martial artist, overpower Qin, has beaten him without provocation. In the ensuing confusion, Yuanjia kills Master Qin and Master Qins nephew in turn kills Yuanjias wife and daughter. This personal tragedy can be contextualized in the historical period knows as the Boxer Rebellion.Chinas reluctance to accept western ideals, specifically its rejection of Christianity, led to irrevocable conflict across the rural in which many innocent people lose their lives. As portrayed by the film, one of Chinas major weaknesses was its inability to adapt as the conception around it modernizes and westernizes. A hero is not without mentors and ultimately must work to gain a treasure, which can then be used to transform the military man. Huo Yuanjia is modest by the tragedy that struck his life and learns to accept guidance from many around him.In a small mountain village he is taught how to live in harmony with nature. Upon returning to Tianjin, he visits his old friend Nong Jinsun with a changed heart. Yuanjia knows that Chinas image is in desperate need of refreshing and asks his friend to have a bun in the oven his way to challenge OBrien, the US boxing champion, in Shanghai. Huo Yuanjia then undergoes many tests, incuring allies and enemies along the way. He is invited to dinner and tea on occasion. The first invitation comes, again, from his friend Nong Jinsun.The two agree that China must realize the gravity of their situation and re merge to take back their sovereignty. Jinsun knows that Yuanjia can unify the country through with(predicate) martial arts and is so dedicated to the idea that he sells his successful restaurant in order to help open the Jingwu Sports Federation. Later, Yuanjia has tea with an ordered challenger, Anno Tanaka. Tanaka is prideful of his knowledge and taste for differentiating various grades of tea. In perhaps the deepest line of the film, Yuanjia explains to Tanaka that the tea does not judge itself, but people judge it, placing one higher up the other.In contrast, Yuanjia believes that the all tea is made equal by nature and the taste of the tea will reflect the attitude of the drinker. As for martial arts, there isnt one superior port, but varying degrees of skill in each style. This explains Chinas endangered situation at the time of the movie. The Chinese style of government and nationalism simply couldnt withstand the pressure of outside forces. Finally, the hero Huo Yuanjia mustbe severely tested in order to be purified by a last sacrifice.According to the film Fearless, Yuanjias sacrifice is literal. In a contest against four opponents, he is poisoned, even as he is tight-fitting victory. China has its own internal conflict. Although the internal struggle was largely put on hold during the Second World War, the Chinese Communist and Nationalist Parties divided up China one more time onward it could finally be united under Mao Zedongs commun ist government. Tanaka decl atomic number 18s Yuanjia the victor as he dies and becomes a hero behind which the Chinese can unite to fight the foreign influence.Resonating the theme of heroism and nationalism, the movie Ip Man is a great tribute to Ip Man, a great leader of China by example of his determination to achieve justice. This story takes place in Foshan, Guangdong region before and during the Japanese invasion of China in the 1930s. This invasion leaves a lot of Chinese people to be wrongly treated and also have an improper and improper view of the actuality in strength that China has as a whole especially in numbers. What good can a high amount of people be if they arent all governed by the same organized and directive laws?The importance of effective and self-sufficient leaders is great and can be shown through the life of heroes like the martial artist Ip Man, a visionary leader of the Chinese people, who was able to bring hope, direction and most significantly greate r unity to the local Chinese community Ip Man was a very important and influential master of Kong Fu in the history of China. winning his heroic life and comparing it with the Heros Journey will allow readers to perceive what affects a Heroic figure had on a historical nation such as China.According to Joseph Campbell, there are various stages in the narrative pattern of A Heros Journey. The most important are one, The Ordinary World two, The Call To Adventure three, Refusal of The Call four, Meeting with the mentor five, Tests, Allies and Enemies six The Ordeal seven, The passageway Back and lastly, eight, Return With The Elixir. In Ip Man, the first stage, The Ordinary World, is presented as the earlier life of Ip Man. He is extremely accomplished in traditional Chinese martial arts and lives a quite life.As an ordinary person, he has no desire to become a master and teach others. Corresponding to Stage two, The Call To Adventure, Ip Man is brought to pass as the Japanese are i ntroduced as invading China, which caused numerous Chinese to live in perilous conditions. Ip Man, as well, broken his home and many personal belongings. In a scene of the film, a Japanese General invites Chinese locals to challenge Japanese martial artists using their own styles of Kong Fu to judge which national martial arts are more powerful.The intersection between personal and national crisis is escalated in the third stage, corresponding to Campbells narrative pattern Refusal of the Call, when Ip Man chooses to fight against 10 Japanese fighters at once due to the very recent murder of his close friend. He triumphs at last, conquering his challengers. When he reviews this experience with his wife, he comments that his Kong Fu has no use in this current unfortunate situation for his country-men and friends since the whole nation is in a larger, much more dangerous and critical condition.Later a Chinese officer who later works as the interpreter for the Japanese brings the Japa nese military to find Ip Man. This is when the fifth stage is visible, Tests, Allies and Enemies. Ip Man could see the apparent intentions that one Japanese officer had towards his wife. To save himself and his family from danger, Ip Man fights against all the soldiers and finally manages to flee. The story later progresses into stage six The Ordeal, when Ip Man dares to face the Japanese General in a fight to see whose Kong Fu can prevail.At this time Ip Man understands that whether he wins or loses, he is doomed to be unfairly killed. However, he knows that the dignity and glory of his nation rests on him and is dependent on his victory. Ip man then greatly triumphed in this match up, and the large crowd mostly consisting of Chinese locals cheered and chanted, Ip Man, Ip Man but then out of nowhere a Japanese Colonel shot Ip Man, and seemed to have killed him, but luckily he lived on.Finally, corresponding to Stage seven, The Road Back, the film shows Ip Man willingly sacrificing himself to protect the workers in the cotton factory, when revealing his genuine care for them, his countrymen. Lastly, stage eight, Return with the elixir is that Ip Man finally establishes his belief that Chinese martial arts is founded in Confucian spirit, the essence of which is benevolence. This corresponds to the eighth stage in the Campbell narrative pattern, the return with the elixir, which to Ip Man, is this spirit of benevolence. This, the elixir is a treasure that the Hero brings back from his journey.It can be physical or an idea. In most wushu films, the elixir can best be compared to attaining a zen-like state where the hero gains internal peace and harmony with the world around him. To conclude, as a part of the Heros Journey, the hero must obtain some form of treasure or elixir. For Huo Yuanjia, the treasure was discovering the essence of wushu. Before his journey, Yuanjia was certainly a strong martial artist, but through his journey, he realized that the true powe r in martial arts is the ability to avert conflict and better oneself.For Ip Man, the true lesson that he obtained was that you must cherish your abilities using them for good and that even one person can accomplish great things as an example to others, causing many people to unite and become great. As a nation with dramatic changes in the recent decades, China has recently learned this lesson power in unity and good leadership as well. In 1971, The Peoples Republic of China gained a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. Since then, China has worked peacefully to become a world power, with an average annual GDP growth rate of nearly 10 percent in the last 20 years.And finally, Beijing had the honor of hosting the worlds athletes in the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. China has grown into a world power, and as any hero knows, with great power comes great responsibility. Through this process that is found through a heros journey, the audience are also invited to explore the importance of these heroes and their entire process of becoming real heroes and draw lessons from them. The same is true for China as a nation that may grow and progress by learning from the empowering examples of heroes on screen such as Ip Man and Huo Yuanjia. .

Relationships in the 1600

Relationships in the 1600 BY Disher84 Ryan Disher 5th hour Due October 18th, 2013 sixteenth Century era of manlike and effeminate Relationship My essay is over Male and Female kinds during the sixteenth century. In my essay I will be able to tell you what their relationship is based on, How the relationship leans, and I will comp be some characters from the story crossroads in my essay as well as. This essay is replete of facts so sit back and enjoy the ride During the 1600s women were treated as inferior compared to the men who were superior. Women were evaluate to clean, cook, and tend to the children.Also During his era men argued that women were non capable of higher thinking because a cleaning charrs skull is sm every(prenominal)er than a mans skull. Another statement that was said, women have wider hips which means on that point naturally supposed to be mothers. Overall woman were treated poorly and were not treated fair in the relationship either. In the play Hamlet Claudius and Gertrude, Claudius commands to remain King and in order to do so he must please Gertrude and suggest love to Hamlet in front of Gertrude, but behind her back he plots to kill Hamlet.Another approximate topic is how their relationship works come out of the closet. During the 1600s women n the upper class were ofttimes set up to espouse very young. Women of the middle class usually waited till there mid twenties to get unite so they had enough money for a household. Women that did not marry were forced to stop some sort out of trade to carry on their lives. Child birth was one of the most important things of being a woman, Although men werent expected to be there go in labor. The womans family, friends, and mid wife were there for her though.Woman in the upper class who didnt want to breast fed often had other mothers do it for them called wetnurses. Some relationships worked out great and well others didnt go as lanned. In this time, the male was almost always the one who brought in money for the family. Although there were times where the female brought in the bigger chunk of cash. Compared to our current time, where we go to work and then go home Back then they might of worked responsibility out of there get home and didnt know the ditterence between work lite and tamily lite.It was always tamily lite and they never experienced anything different. In comparison to the story Hamlet, all of Hamlets family had royalty and were most definitely the upper class. People may wait did there relationships work in the 1600s? ell they did, and they didnt. It wasnt a guarantee that they would be together forever. William Shakespeare did not believe in woman having a say in anything. Then theres feminists which say that woman have every right to be treated equal and they can have there own say in what they want to do, who they want to be with, and what there kids do.As a Male(father) you could decide who you married, what your wife did, and what yo u wanted your children to do. In the 1600s families were bigger and close than today, the reasons why is because such high death rate of infants because lack of technology and medicine. Which meant that families came together on the set up to help everyone out. Also religion played a major role back than, very often back then the besides book in the house was a bible and thats what children used to learn how to read. Another fact about Shakespeares time is that, once a boy turns 8 he no longer has to listen to his mother.The ideal woman was believed to be a virgin and a faithful wife. Female honor and social respectability were tied in closely to sexuality that death was often presented if the woman was not a virgin. There are so many different relationship views and gender views, and it has all changed as time went n. Some similarities are that men are still usually considered the Man of the hall, but there are woman that are very independent and who can do anything and everyth ing them self. Children are expected to respect/obey their parents, Boys carry on the family name.Although now a day, Females if they would like to keep there maiden name they can keep it back than if you said that pack would of looked at you and thought you were as crazy as Hamlet, for seeing a ghost. Relationships back than were often between man and woman, you were frowned upon if you were with the same sex. The royal stag and the Elite were the lonesome(prenominal) type of people that were able to have more than one relationship. If you were born of majestic nature or Elite you were among the few that could have side partner relationships.This reasoning is because those types of classes were the only people that had the time, the money, and the energy to fool around. Middle class people might have had affairs but not as often as the upper class did. Which this problem also leads to having kids with your side partner and also syphilis was considered a rich person disease back then, because they were the only one who, like I said had the time, the oney, and the energy to Get Around. Some might say that Shakespeare cheated on his wife, because he was deceased and there were no records of him for a few years.Shakespeare was married to Anne Hathaway, who was eight years older than him. They had there jump child on May 26th, 1583 whose name was Susanna. Then 21 months later Anne had gave birth to twins, named Hamnet, and Judith. After that they had no more children and remained married until 1616 when he died. He bought a fine house for his family in Stratford after his only sons death, Hamnet at the age of 11 died in 1596. Shakespeare was buried in Holy Trinity Church in Stratford, where Anne later Joined him in 1623.He had lived apart from his wife and children, except every once in while ne would visit them tor at least a decade. Shakespeare was a very well professional writer of his time and has been remembered for centurys. I hope that you have learned a lot from my essay, and you found it very interesting. My only hope is that you were able to walk away from this paper knowing something new, that you hadnt before. My name is Ryan Disher and this is my essay over Male/Female relationships during the 1600s.

Junk Food Essay

unfluctuating victuals , the type of fare changed our lives. Its prodigal, its easy to prepargon, its easy to eat, and its cheap. Its for everyone. Its for the poor and the non-poor. Its for students, for human beingsagers, for setors, for factory workers, for criminals, for priests today it seems like tight nutrition was always almost and it is not possible to imagine a world without flying food. Even countries like Japan, which has a conventional diet of rice, fish, vegetables and soy harvest-homes, accepted libertine food into their worlds. The gargantuangest help of this growing is advertisement.Fast food advertisements are mainly focusing on television, magazines, billboards and Internet. One of the most powerful ways of advertising fast food is product placement. Product Plac/ement is a term defined as the practice of integrating specific products and dents into take e/ntertainment. Product placement was always evolved into the billion-dollar market of Hollywoo d. As the costs keep increasing for producing movies, studios decease ready to make connections with high-risk corporations, which are willing to place their products in a big, particular film.These big connections pass big payments. For example direct payments for product placement (for instance in License to run through Phillip Morris Tobacco paid $350,000 for Bond to smoke a Lark cigarette). Another good example is, In the biggest co-marketing deal in film history, Coca-Cola paid 95 million to the producers of Harry Potter for the right o use the films logo on its whoremasters in what will become a series of films the first Harry Potter film cost 75 million. It went on general hammock on November 2001 and is expected to be shown on a thousand screens in the UK.The movie was like the big bang as expected. Harry Potter products everywhere sold in huge amounts and consumers attacked to any product of the movie letting the assiduity behind the scenes to gain much power. Toda y each(prenominal) major US film studios seeking for brands to place into a film they are producing. Studios dont pay to the brand owner just now the benefits of product placement advertisement are so big to the product lay down and the film itself that each side promotes the other. Even some smaller studios are seeking for product placement.These movies commonly require the product owners to pay television and billboard advertisements. A small film cannot afford these types of advertisements tho product placement can. Eric Schlosser is the author who has written about the fast food industry and he presents some(prenominal) of his findings in the book Fast Food Nation. However, his book is not merely an expose of the fast food industry but is even more a consideration of how the fast food industry has shaped and defined American society in America and for other nations as America exports its fast food culture to others.Schlosser describes a great deal of American culture to th e fast food mentality, and he finds that globalization is taking the fast food culture around the world at a speedy rate. Schlosser addresses a number of specific issues related to food production and distribution. He connects the social order of a society to the kind of food it eats and the way it eats that food, with American society very such(prenominal) defined by the fast food culture that has developed.Schlosser tends to represent the theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all behavior patterns and institutions within a social system, as can be seen from how he connects fast food to other social processes and institutions. The icon that represents fast food culture for most people is McDonalds, though the fast food culture developed long before the creation of that restaurant chain. Schlosser considers the impact of such fast-food durance but also considers the primacy of the hamburger in the American diet and some of the dangers it poses.McDonalds reliance on hamburger is a questionable item for a steady diet in a more health conscious age, and interferes with local customs and food in different parts of the world. Schlosser addresses this issue from several(prenominal) perspectives, beginning with a consideration of how safe the meat really is, not only on the foot of nutritional value but also on the basis of additives, preservatives, diseases, and even potential radioactivity.Some call is considered questionable, and much of it makes its way through the USDA to school cafeterias Napoleon Bonaparte once said, A mans palate can, in time, become accustomed to anything. While this French emperor may have had some difficulty like the Battle of Waterloo, he certainly has hit the nail on the stop this time. The food industry has evolved in ways that may not be distinguishable to the human palate, but hopefully remain distinguishable to the human conscience.With all the options now available to industrial leaders, citizens must be sur e to keep them from abusing their powers and continuing to harm employees, animals, and consumers. The best ways are to promote public discourse, to act as the industrial watchdog, and to make the most of the power of the consumer the almighty dollar. Fast Food Industry fall upon Course Instructors name Date Abstract This paper on Fast food industry covers a detailed exploration of the fast food industry to in order to signalize new appear issues in the field of fast foods industry.The paper also significantly projects about the emerging rends of this economy that is growing tremendously fast. It identifies fast food in a specific region or nation and provides sequence details about that particular market. Experts with experience in economics, politics, and the restaurant industry can be involved in the projections of fast food industry analysis. Health concerns From the time fast foods run were established the chain gangs have intensely emerged throughout the preceding decades .The values of nutrition in fast food providers as well as in the provisions made have diminished as the demand for convenience exploded throughout America. This is due to the many health effects than advantages that those who access these function pose. It has been noted that eating frequently at fast food products leads teens and young adults to gain more weight. This emerging lifestyle poses an increased risk of developing insulin resistance to those practicing it, according to the recent study of National Heart, Lung, and air Institute (NHLBI).

Dttls Assignment Essay

Unit 4 Theories and principles for planning and modify nurture In modern day schooling method, the onus is shifting bring forward and further a dash from teacher dictated methods of educational picturey, to methods that ensure the turn arounder is placed at the heart of teaching, and every soulfulness at heart the classroom is considered and catered for. Advances in technology available to teachers has contributed to a broadening of teaching fashions, but this has mainly come after about with the need to differentiate teaching more in effect and break down the barriers that subsist between teacher and learner.Engaging every learner is a ch entirelyenging task and requires the teacher to consider a plethora of knowledge of teaching methods and theories. Learners whitethorn differ in terms of age, gender, ability level, conversation skills, confidence, eruditeness styles and many other factors. The job of the teacher is to ensure these factors do not hinder individual learning and that success and achievement at heart the mathematical group is widespread and at a high level. be after and implementing learning is paramount to this process.To impressively plan and deliver to diverse and varied groups of students, teachers nookie draw upon a number of teaching theories and principles put forward by educational academics. Theories of teaching and demeanour ar themselves, in general, varied and diverse in the way they approach the dissemination of learning and the bringing about of coveted solvents. Similarly, different theories of communication welcome been put forward that document methods through which we as teachers can stiffly converse with our students.All of these theories can provide a vital insight or tool for teachers to advance their give and in the long run promote inclusive learning for all students. Many examples of different teaching theories are evident across academic literature. Examples of these intromit Classical and operant conditioning, Kolbs learning cycle, Gagnes 9 events of instruction, Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and Knowles Pedagogical and Andragogical approaches. An example of a communication theory is Bernes (1970) transactional analysis. It is bear on with ensuring that control and chthonianstanding occurs through ommunication between groups or individuals. Berne opines that transactional analysis represents a theory of friendly intercourse and used it to help people understand and improve their deportment towards others (Huddleston & Unwin, 1997, p115). This theory withal suggests that communication effectively will directly impact on success, motivation work rate and behaviour through increased understanding of the nature and demands of a task or the content of the message itself that is being communicated. If we likewise also consider the effectiveness of communication in the classroom and relating theoretical concepts, i. e. ehaviourist and humane theories, these have both(prenominal) distinct differences which affect greatly the approaches and techniques espouse by teachers. Behaviourist theories suggest all behaviour is erudite or that these theories bring about a recognisable change in behaviour (Armitage, 2003). Examples of Behavioural theorists include Pavlov (Classical conditioning), Thorndike ( operative conditioning), muleteer and in terms of early behaviourist studies, Watson. These theorists along with others have over the past atomic number 6 years put forward a number of different behaviourist theories that are concerned with ever-changing or conditioning behaviour.Classical conditioning was pi hotshotered by Pavlov who looked at learning by association. His famous understand involved the use of dogs as a medium to facilitate associative learning. Pavlov rang a bell every time a dog was to receive food, the presence of food elicited a saliva response from the dog, which over time it associated with the sound of the bell. After a period of time, the stimulus of food was no perennial produced, but the dog continued to salivate at the sound of a bell, as it now associated this behaviour with the on raiment of a meal.Classical conditioning necessityly elicits a reflex and an association is formed (Artmitage, 2003 www. learning-theories. com). Operant conditioning is a theory put forward by Thorndike. This theory waits for a desire behaviour to occur and thusly rewards it. It builds somewhat on the work done by Watson regarding trial and error learning. mayhap the just about prominent or influential behaviourist work is that done by skinner. Skinner adopted an operant approach to behaviourism and famously conducted experiment using rats in specially designed boxes.Skinners ideas revolved roughly the presence of a reinforcer to cause a desired behaviour to be repeated. This could be in the form of a primary reinforcer (a basic need deal food) or a secondary reinforcer (such as money or congratulations) . In the case of his rats, Skinner effectively trained them to pull certain levers to release food. Initially, the release was accidental but after a while, the rats learned to associate the arrival of food with the pressing of a lever. Skinners work revolved heavily around the need for reinforcement, reward, punishment and feedback.The scheduling and delivery of these things was also important to Skinner who suggested the timing of something like a reward was paramount to its success at brining about long term changes in behaviour. Similarly, he suggested heavy(a) punishment should occur immediately after the event in question and in a lucid manner. Also, it was skinner who introduced the concept of successive approximations small steps towards a desired behaviour (Artmitage, 2003 www. learning-theories. com). Humanistic theories of learning are much more concerned with the individual themselves than the behaviour.Maslow identified a Hierarchy of Needs which he believed outlined the basic requirements of all individuals Figure 1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (www. talkingtails. files. wordpress. com) Both humanistic and behaviourist theories have a huge application in the delivery of teaching and learning. In the platform area of humanity Services, evidence of the use of both theories is apparent across different subject areas. Operant conditioning is embedded widely across public service lessons. This occurs on many occasions where praise is used within a fitness session to reinforce good performance.Primary reinforcers are also often used, for example, excellence certificates sometimes act as a tangible reward for students who perform headspring in strenuous task such as fitness testing. When coaching exercise techniques in the gym, clean conditioning is used to develop the desired response of good form. For example, when learning to perform a squat, the learner must bend their knees to a 90 degree angle. This is taught by putting a bench under the lea rner so that when they feel their posterior touch the surface of the bench they know to begin the up phase of the lift.At the point of touch, they will be encouraged to reverse the process. Over time, the bench is removed(p) from the lift but the learner still remembers the motion. Punishment is often used to discourage certain behaviour. For example, at South Devon College if a student is rude in a lesson they are given a set amount of press ups to do. Whilst punishment is deemed less effective than a positive reinforcement strategy, the section have a consistent and department wide policy towards distributing press ups which contributes to making this a more effective way to manipulate behaviour.Humanistic approaches such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs are also evident within the curriculum, looking at developing individuals through agendas such as Every tike Matters and through the departmental tutorial process. The teamwork and overall nature of the course is also a particular ly effective medium for learners to progress through the top deuce stages (esteem and self actualisation) of the hierarchy. Inclusive practice is something that all teachers are ultimately striving for. Within the curriculum, inclusive practice is complicated by the both theoretical and applicatory element of the subject area.A teacher must look to facilitate learning for those who are academically able, practically gifted and also attempt to integrate the study of theory and practical to enhance learning as a whole. Computer based learning, for example, is common place on all courses, and although often difficult to facilitate in all subjects, such as outdoor activities, the needs of the learner and future engagementer is paramount. The supply Public Services today use computer systems, including email, online study, and specific service systems such as Wotan, on a regular basis and so it is vital that learners are prepared for this.This also helps out those learners who may st ruggle with putting pen to paper. Much of what the Public Services do is very practical and so as much as possible I try to embed a practical way of delivering the course specification. For example, team building activities using equipment outdoors. This enables some learners to shine as they are more practically minded. However, an indoor table top scenario does the same job, but gives learners with different learning styles chance to shine. Linking theory to practice is related to another teaching theory put forward by Kolb (1984). Kolbs Learning possiblenessKolbs theory is based on the assumption that people learn best by doing things then thinking about how they have done them, considering both the thoughts, feelings and perceptions which emerged during the experience (Harkin et al. 200, p42). This makes the process of learning more efficient, germane(predicate) and enjoyable. It also promotes inclusive practice with all three learning styles (Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic ) being catered for effectively. The nature of our learners has a significant influence on the techniques and theories we implement in the preparation and delivery of lessons.In my own teaching practice, I have exposure to both adult and child groups. This difference in age groups has a big impact in how I teach and communicate with these groups. This is linked to Knowles (1970) theory of Pedagogy and Andragogy. These two states relate to the differences associated with teaching these varying groups. Effective communication is required throughout all levels of teaching. Transactional analysis is potently linked to communicating and giving feedback and reflects the way we use our voice (in terms of tone, pitch, volume and content) to relay data to our students.The way this is done will affect whether a student understands a task and understands the nature and oversight of the feedback. Within pastoral support mechanisms, teachers often undertake one on one tutorial discussions wit h students. Depending on the situation and the learner, the teacher may adopt one of the 3 self states (Parent, Adult, and Child) in order to most effectively converse with the student. The ego state may also change over the course of the tutorial process as the teacher gets to know the learner more.Within the classroom, communicating with learners in the form of feedback lead them to understand if they are being successful or not achieving and what they can do to improve. As teachers, it is essential we have the ability to adopt the correct ego status for the situation but also to consciously manipulate the interaction of ego states between teacher and learner. Doing this involves manipulating our own tone of voice and delivery of entropy and also encouraging certain behaviours and attitudes amongst our students to allow them to best understand what is being said to them.In Public Services, when feeding back to a student on their performance in a practical session, a teacher may look to switch between the adult and parent ego states to best deliver positive and negative comments to a learner. Currently I teach a subject that is well within my comfort zone, particularly as a serving member of Her Majestys Forces, where I can relate much of my teaching to my current role. However, I am acutely aware of the need to teach and develop my own core out skills in literacy, numeracy, language and ICT.To progress in a career in the Public services, it is vital that these core skills are maximised. As mentioned previously, the ICT is developing in all aspects of our lives and as a teacher, I feel this is an aspect where I maximise my potential. My own literacy and language is adequate for the subject theme that I teach, but would be limited I believe if I were to teach another core subject. My use of voice and body language overcomes many of my shortfalls when addressing learners but may not be eliminate in other subjects.Numeracy is my weakest area and as such my teaching reflects this. As a teaching group we play to our individual strengths and so the subjects that I teach have limited numeracy base. However, this is an area that I am conscious of and it does need to be addressed. As a teacher, I teach across a black market of courses from Level 1 to Level 5 and with groups ranging from 15 years old to adult learners. This necessitates that I employ a range of teaching strategies and adopt a range of learning theories to best accommodate for all my students.I feel one of my particular strengths is my adaptability to work effectively with these diverse groups and adopt different ego states through which to control these groups and facilitate their learning. Sub consciously, I feel for a long time I have been utilising many of the learning theories discussed in this assignment, however through recent further study I now feel much more confident and able to take what I perceive to be the most advantageous parts of these learning theories and implement them in my classroom.I believe a further strength of mine is to bring about certain behaviours or encourage those that are most reserve within the classroom. Using operant conditioning ideology, I am quick to recognise and praise desired behaviour but am careful how and how often I deliver this reinforcement. Although I understand the limitations of punishment, I believe it has a place in the classroom and feel I am fairly able at being consistent and fair with punishments/press ups. Feedback from learners is clearly an essential medium to assess one own teaching.With my adult learners I widely adopt a andragogical approach, allowing them a lot of freedom to learn in their own way. This is effective but often leads to a lack of feedback from learners in terms of how they are progressing and learning. I feel I could improve by embedding some more formative assessment methods into my andragogical style of teaching to allow for freedom within learning, but also actually mo re feedback for me from learners. This will ultimately help me see how they are doing, and also how I am doing in terms of teaching.For future development, I believe it is essential for me to continue to develop my use of Kolbs ideas integrating theory into practice. This is something I believe to be essential, especially given the more practical/kinaesthetic orientation of the learners who study upon the course on which I teach. I also feel that I could benefit from more in depth probe into the Skinners schedule of reinforcement linked to operant conditioning. I feel I am good at giving constructive praise but could improve by really analysing how I give feedback, especially in terms of frequency.